1459 – Yorkist forces led by Richard Neville defeated Lancastrian troops at the Battle of Blore Heath inStaffordshire, England, the first major battle of the Wars of the Roses.
1803 – Maratha troops were beaten byBritish forces at the Battle of Assaye, one of the decisive battles of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
1846 – Using mathematical predictions by Frenchmathematician Urbain Le Verrier, German astronomerJohann Gottfried Galle became the first person to observe Neptune and recognise it as a hitherto unknown planet (pictured).
1868 – Ramón Emeterio Betances led the Grito de Lares, a revolt against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico.
1952 – In one of the first political uses of television to appeal directly to the populace, Republican vice presidential candidate Richard Nixon delivered the "Checkers speech", denying he received illegalcampaign contributions.
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