2010 – Fast of Gedalia (Judaism);National Grandparents' Day (United States);National Day in Cape Verde
1609 – While sailing aboard the Halve Maen, English explorer Henry Hudson began his exploration of theHudson River, laying the foundation forDutch colonization of present-day New York.
1683 – Great Turkish War: Polish troops led by John III Sobieski (pictured) joined forces with a Habsburg army to defeat the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vienna.
1848 – Switzerland became a federal state with the adoption of a new constitution.
1940 – Four teenagers discovered the Lascaux caves near Montignac, in the Dordogne département of France, containing cave paintings that are estimated to be 17,000 years old.
1974 – Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, considered to be the religious symbol for God incarnateamong the Rastafari movement, was deposed in a coup d'état by the Derg, a military junta.
1992 – Aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, the 50th mission of the Space Shuttle program, American Mae Carol Jemison became the first Black woman in space.
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